ESL Cultural Pages

Welcome to Haiti

Background

Haiti shares the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic. This is where Christopher Columbus landed in 1492. Spanish settlers controlled Haiti for over a hundred years, decimating the native Taino population with war and disease. In the late 1600s, France took over Haiti, ruling it as a colony until 1804. Haiti's greatest national hero, Touiussant L'Ouverture, led a slave revolt against the colonial forces and helped Haiti achieve independence. Haiti continued to attract the interest of various European countries and America, which wanted to exploit its natural resources such as sugar cane. After World War II, Haiti was ruled by the dictatorial Duvalier family until 1986. Recent elections have been plagued by charges of corruption, as the government has alternated between periods of democratically elected leaders and military rulers.


Haiti Today

There are over 8.3 million people living in Haiti today. Due to its political instability, Haiti has many economic problems. Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world. Over 80% of Haitians live below the poverty line, and 54% of these live in abject poverty. Most of the people depend on agriculture to make a living, so they are greatly affected by changes in climate and natural disasters. Hurricanes commonly hit Haiti before they affect the U.S. In 2004 Hurricane Jeanne killed 1,500 people and left 300,000 others homeless. Many Haitians believe that their leaders are corrupt. Political violence continues to be a problem for people who oppose the government. The Haitian infrastructure is incomplete. It is common for people to be without electricity at night. Most Haitians use generators, since they cannot rely on the government to provide power for them.


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